在英语语法中,“than”作为比较结构的关键词,其用法看似简单却暗藏诸多细节。正确掌握其后接成分的规则,不仅能提升表达的准确性,还能避免因语法错误导致的误解。本文将系统解析“than”后接各类结构的核心规则,并融入实用建议,帮助读者在学习和应用中游刃有余。
一、基础结构:比较级与than的搭配
“than”通常与形容词或副词的比较级连用,构成“比较级+than”结构,后接被比较对象。根据被比较对象的性质,可分为以下三类:
1. 后接名词或代词
简单比较:She is taller than her brother.
代词的格选择:正式文体优先用主格,非正式可用宾格。
例:Everyone here is taller than I (正式)/me (非正式). 但若代词后接动词,必须用主格:He runs faster than she does.
2. 后接从句
完整从句需包含主语和谓语:This book is more interesting than I expected.
省略重复内容:
例:The pain was worse than (it was) before.(省略主语和系动词)
3. 后接状语或介词短语
比较时间、地点等:Life is easier now than in the past.
省略动词时保留状语:He works harder than in high school.
实用建议:初学时建议写出完整从句,熟练后再尝试省略,避免成分残缺。
二、人称代词的主格与宾格选择

“than”后接人称代词时,主格和宾格的使用需注意语境差异:
1. 主格优先于正式场合
强调逻辑主语:I love you more than he (loves you).(他爱你不如我多)
若代词后接动词,必须用主格:She swims faster than I do.
2. 宾格常见于口语或非正式表达
直接比较对象:He is older than me.
注意歧义:I miss you more than her.(可能指“我比她更想你”或“我想你胜过想她”)
常见错误纠正:
错误:He is taller than me am.
正确:He is taller than I am.(动词存在时不可省略)
三、动词形式的选择:不定式、动名词与从句
“than”后接动词时,形式需与主句结构保持一致:
1. 连接两个非谓语动词时形式统一
不定式对应不定式:To read is better than to watch.
动名词对应动名词:She prefers singing than dancing.
2. 单独使用动名词更自然
例:Nothing is worse than losing confidence.(比不定式更常见)
3. 从句中的时态灵活调整
主句与从句时态可不同:He drives faster than he did last year.
未来时态中可用现在时代替将来:We’ll finish earlier than you think.
四、特殊结构与固定搭配
以下含“than”的固定结构需特别记忆:
| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
||||
| no more than | 仅仅 | The fee is no more than $10. |
| no other than | 正是 | The winner was no other than Tom. |
| more...than | 与其说…不如 | He’s more lazy than busy. |
| would rather...than | 宁愿…也不 | I’d rather walk than drive. |
注意:
no better than 表示“和…一样差”:His attitude is no better than a child’s.
other than 表示“除了”:I have no hobbies other than reading.
五、倒装与省略现象
1. 倒装结构(正式文体)
例:City people have higher stress than do villagers.(倒装强调比较对象)
2. 省略重复成分
省略动词:She earns more than I (earn).
省略整个谓语:The task was harder than (it was) expected.
实用建议:省略时应确保句意清晰,避免歧义。例如:
模糊表达:He helps her more than me.(可能指“他帮她比帮我多”或“他帮她比我多”)
明确表达:He helps her more than I do.(补充动词避免误解)
六、易错点与学习建议

1. 避免混淆than与then
than 用于比较,then 表示时间或顺序:
例:She is smarter than him. We ate, then left.
2. 检查主谓一致性
错误:He runs faster than her do.
正确:He runs faster than she does.
3. 慎用非标准搭配
错误:I’m any more tired than yesterday.
正确:I’m no more tired than yesterday.
4. 多语境练习
通过造句巩固结构,例如:
比较对象:This phone is cheaper than that (one).
固定搭配:It’s better to try than to regret.
掌握“than”的后接结构需结合规则记忆与实际应用。建议学习者在写作中优先使用完整从句,逐步练习省略技巧;在口语中根据场合选择代词形式,并注意固定搭配的特殊含义。通过持续积累和纠错,可显著提升语法准确性与表达流畅度。